By J. Michael Feazell and Mike Morrison
1. Christians have various beliefs about the millennium. Adherents of each theory believe that the Bible supports their view.
2. Every believer agrees that Christ will return, and that there will be a judgment. For the faithful, there will be an eternity of perfection and glory with God.
3. The eternal age is much more glorious than the millennial age, no matter how the millennium is understood. At best, the millennium is second-best.
4. The precise chronological sequence is not an essential part of the gospel. The gospel is about how to enter the kingdom, not the chronological or physical details of particular phases of that kingdom.
Since the New Testament does not emphasize the nature of the millennium, we conclude that it is not a central plank in the church's commission. People can be saved without any particular belief about the millennium.
5. Although the WCG has traditionally been premillennial, the church does not require its members to believe that Christ will set up a temporary kingdom after he returns.
We are sure that, no matter what Christ does after his return, no one will be disappointed. Premillennialism is not a prerequisite for baptism, nor is it a doctrinal point on which we must seek conformity.
6. The church allows ministers to have different opinions on this point, since it is not central to the gospel. We do require ministers to believe in the return of Christ, the judgment and the eternal kingdom.
7. Ministers may hold any of the four views, but they should acknowledge that other Christians sincerely believe that the Bible teaches something else.
Ministers should not condemn those who hold other views. Millennial positions should not dominate sermons. Rather, sermons should focus on the bigger picture that we all hold in common. See points 2 and 3.
Ministers should educate themselves about other views by reading books such as Robert Clouse, The Meaning of the Millennium: Four Views (InterVarsity, 1977) or Stanley Grenz, The Millennial Maze (InterVarsity, 1992).
8. Church literature will acknowledge that various views have been based on various interpretations of the Bible, and we will focus more on a) the church's current responsibilities in this age, b) the fact that Christ will return to rule and judge, and c) on the eternal age after the millennium, which is much more glorious.
In November 1995, Richard J. Foster wrote the following letter to those on his RenovarÄ mailing list. It provides some helpful comments about speculations about prophecy:
Dear Friends,
As the year 2000 draws near, we are seeing more and more end-time scenarios as apocalyptic zeal rises to fever pitch.
There were early-bird predictions: Edgar C. Whisenant's 88 Reasons Why the Rapture Will Be in 1988 and a follow-up book The Final Shout: Rapture Report 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 ... sold several million copies; South Korean Lee Jang Rim convinced followers around the globe that Christ would return in October, 1992; and on the air and in his book, 1994, the popular American radio Bible teacher Harold Camping targeted Sept. 6 as the date for the final trump.
The year 2000 is now favored by most prophesy preachers--though it isn't clear whose calendar we are supposed to follow or why God favors round numbers.
(Two heavy hitters on the apocalyptic scene have weighed in with their contributions: Hal Lindsey with Planet Earth--2000 A.D. and Pat Robertson with The End of the Age, a novel conveniently set in the year 2000.)
This is big business in Christian book stores and at the Christian Booksellers Convention. And in the general public, a prime-time series on ancient prophecies warned that futurists from Nostradamus to Edgar Cayce have targeted the year 2000 for the end of the world.
We are awash in a sea of apocalyptic tabloid books. Not since the Millerite movement a century and a half ago has there been such a feeding frenzy over the end of the world. We can only expect it to increase.
We could let this pass without comment except for two factors:
One, apocalyptic speculation demeans the everlasting gospel of Christ. The church is constantly doing damage control as predictions of self-appointed prophets fall into ridicule.
Two, it is confusing to many sincere people who want to be faithful disciples of Christ. Good people become sidetracked from the substantive issue of continuing to grow in grace into foolish conjectures about when the Rapture will occur, where the Antichrist will be born, and the like.
End-times speculations are nothing new. A historical perspective may be helpful. Consider the following:
l In the second and third centuries Chiliasm (name based on Greek word in Rev. 20:3, which denotes 1,000) predicted an early return of Christ and a millennial reign in Jerusalem.
One leader in Pontius declared that the last judgment would come in two years, and his followers ceased to cultivate their fields and got rid of houses and goods. Another in Syria led his flock into the wilderness to meet Christ.
* Second-century Montanists prophesied an early end to the world, that New Jerusalem would come down out of heaven from God, and that Jesus' Second Coming would occur at Pepuza in Phrygia in Asia Minor.
* Doomsday hysteria erupted around the year 1000 as wandering hermit messiahs fanned into flame the hopes of marginalized peoples. When Jesus did not return, the people's expectations were dashed, and they were left in even greater despair.
* Gerard of Poehlde was convinced the 1000-year reign of Christ had begun with the ascent of Constantine to power, and so in 1147 he predicted that Satan would be released soon and would conquer the church.
l Radical reformer Hans Hut predicted the return of Christ at Pentecost, 1528, and set about gathering 144,000 saints to prepare for this event. Another self-styled prophet, Melchior Hoffmann, set 1534 as the date and Strasbourg as the place for Christ's return. Both men died in prison with their prophecies unfulfilled and their disciples disillusioned.
* Apocalyptic passion fueled the Crusades, leaving a legacy of hate and suspicion that lasted into the 20th century.
* In 1661 the Fifth Monarchy Men tried to hasten Jesus' Second Coming by attacking the restored Stuart monarchy. This they felt would prove to God that there was faith on earth and so Christ would establish his millennial reign in London. The sorry affair failed, and with the perpetrators jailed or beheaded, the movement fizzled.
* Postmillennial schemes were advanced by 18th-century American colonial leaders Jonathan Edwards and Timothy Dwight. In the 19th century Charles Finney was convinced that if people were "united all over the world, the millennium might be brought about in three months."
* William Miller ... following a painstaking study of Bible prophecies, declared that Christ would return in 1843. When that date passed without the expected Second Advent, he recalculated his data and set the date in 1844. Followers sold goods and properties and sat on a hill waiting for an event that never occurred. You can imagine the resulting disillusionment.
In light of history and the contemporary apocalyptic fervor, I offer these counsels.
1. Hold high "the blessed hope" of Jesus' return. It is too precious a doctrine to be co-opted by self-proclaimed prophets who lack training in historical theology and biblical interpretation.
Christ's parousia (Second Coming) has always been and will always be the expectant hope of the people of God. Jesus' words are clear, "I will come again and will take you to myself, so that where I am, there you may be also" (John 14:3).
2. Reject the fallacy of date setting and place setting. Friends, there simply is no countdown to Armageddon. The future is contingent upon the give-and-take of God's initiative and our response.
Faith, not some artificial calendar scheme, is the catalyst for Divine providence. God is patient, "not wanting any to perish, but all to come to repentance" (2 Pet. 3:9).
Jesus was clear that before his return the gospel must go forth into every ethnic group, and we can never know what is fully implied by the completion of the Great Commission.
Who knows but that God is holding back the parousia in order to bring in peoples you and I know nothing about. Maybe he is waiting for you or one you love to come into faith.
3. Get some solid education in eschatological language. For example, many today use the phrase "the last days" as if this period started a week from last Friday and will end within a few short years.
In biblical usage the term "the last days" refers to the period from the coming of the Spirit at Pentecost when Peter quoted the prophet Joel, "In the last days .... " We see phenomena that covers both what happened at Pentecost --"I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh"--and what will occur at the end of the age--"the sun shall be turned to darkness and the moon to blood" (Acts 2:17-21). It is all "the last days."
We have been in the last days for nearly 2,000 years now, and none of us knows whether it will continue for two years or 2,000 years or two million years.
Some basic education in apocalyptic literature will go a long way in helping you distinguish good interpretation of the text of Scripture.
4. Avoid mixing nationalistic myths with the everlasting gospel of the Kingdom. Have you noticed how many end-time scenarios have given favored status to the United States? Or demonize enemy nations?
With the fall of communism the well-worn association of Gog with Russia is no longer viable, and so prophesy preachers are scrambling to find alternatives.
Islamic countries are favorite targets. "Is Saddam Hussein the Antichrist?" is the sort of popular sermon title that is used today. Who will it be tomorrow? I plead with you do not be a part of this misguided nationalistic fervor.
5. My final counsel is especially directed toward Christian leaders. Please refuse to exploit the hopes and fears of your people with speculative prophecy preaching.
Don't weaken the gospel by tickling the ears of your people with the latest apocalyptic scheme. Reckless end-times scenarios have always been counterproductive. They only lead to disillusionment and cynicism. And they discredit the gospel of Jesus Christ.
Others may exploit this hot topic for their own gain, but don't you do it. Stay faithful to your calling. Preach Christ risen and present among his people. Preach the kingdom of God here, now and coming.
Make eschatological hope a foundation for faithful living and growing conformity to Christ, not an escape from discipleship. Stoutly refuse to demean the gospel by mixing hope of the Second Coming with reckless speculation.
In the fourth century St. Augustine opposed the prophetic literalism of Chiliasm. Instead of the imminent, material, millennial kingdom of Chiliasm, he helped his people see the City of God.
Out of pastoral concern he taught them that the kingdom of God was already a present reality among them in the community of faith and that its full consummation will come in God's time and in God's way in the blessed hope of Christ's return.
Augustine's wise, sensible, biblical vision won the day and influenced the church for centuries to come. May something of that same faith-filled sensibility arise today.
Peace and joy,
Richard J. Foster
Permission is granted to duplicate this letter for free distribution. Any quotations or references to it should give proper credit to Renovare, 8 Inverness Drive East, Suite 102, Englewood, Colorado, 80112-5609.
April 22, 1997, WN, page 14
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